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 token ratio


Sparsity Forcing: Reinforcing Token Sparsity of MLLMs

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Sparse attention mechanisms aim to reduce computational overhead with minimal accuracy loss by selectively processing salient tokens. Despite their effectiveness, most methods merely exploit a model's inherent sparsity and thus plateau at moderate budgets (about 50\% token reduction), with little headroom to push budget lower without hurting accuracy. Other approaches attempt to enforce sparsity through trainable sparse attention or sharpness-inducing regularizers, but these either fix rigid patterns that ignore input and layer dynamics, or optimize proxy objectives without direct control over token budgets. In this paper, we explicitly reinforce token sparsity in well-posed multimodal large language models (MLLMs) through a simple RL-based post-training framework named \textit{Sparsity Forcing}. Our method explores the efficiency-accuracy trade-off by running multiple rollouts with different token budgets, where both efficiency (token reduction ratio) and performance (answer correctness) are formulated as joint rewards. By contrasting rollouts within each group, the more efficient and correct answer is rewarded while less efficient or incorrect ones are penalized, thereby turning token saving into an end-to-end, inference-consistent optimization objective. Across thirteen image and video benchmarks, Sparsity Forcing raises token reduction ratio on Qwen2-VL/Qwen2.5-VL from 20\% to 75\% with minimal accuracy decline, significantly reducing long-context inference memory by up to 3$\times$ while speeding up decoding by up to 3.3$\times$.


No-Skim: Towards Efficiency Robustness Evaluation on Skimming-based Language Models

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

To reduce the computation cost and the energy consumption in large language models (LLM), skimming-based acceleration dynamically drops unimportant tokens of the input sequence progressively along layers of the LLM while preserving the tokens of semantic importance. However, our work for the first time reveals the acceleration may be vulnerable to Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. In this paper, we propose No-Skim, a general framework to help the owners of skimming-based LLM to understand and measure the robustness of their acceleration scheme. Specifically, our framework searches minimal and unnoticeable perturbations at character-level and token-level to generate adversarial inputs that sufficiently increase the remaining token ratio, thus increasing the computation cost and energy consumption. We systematically evaluate the vulnerability of the skimming acceleration in various LLM architectures including BERT and RoBERTa on the GLUE benchmark. In the worst case, the perturbation found by No-Skim substantially increases the running cost of LLM by over 145% on average. Moreover, No-Skim extends the evaluation framework to various scenarios, making the evaluation conductible with different level of knowledge.